The present book contains a collection of papers that resulted from a two-day workshop held in June 2018 at the Department of Classical Archaeology of the University Vienna. The workshop took place in the context of the pluriennial research project ‘Val di Pesa and Val Orme as a changing rural landscape: an integrated approach’ which was focused on the investigation of land-use and human activities in a well-defined micro-region in Inland Northern Etruria by applying a multi-stage and multi-scalar fieldwork scheme.